部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。
1. 句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…, scarcely , barely , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如:
1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來沒看過這樣的表演。
2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪兒都不會找到這個問題的答案。
3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。
4) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛要出門時有個學(xué)生來找她。
注意:當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個分句時,才在第一個分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個并列詞語,不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜歡音樂。
2.表示"也"、"也不" 的so, neither, nor放在句首時,句子作部分倒裝。例如:
1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能說法語,我也能。
2) If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去,我也不去。
注意: 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實或肯定時,不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。例如:
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球,我去了。
2) ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大?!?--的確很大。
3.only放在句首,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句等),全句語序要部分倒裝。例如:
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被請了三次才來開會。
注意:如果句子為主從a復(fù)合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時才會臥床休息。