短文改錯常見錯誤類型：

1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點，常見動詞錯誤類型有 ①一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用;② and 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致; ③主謂不一致; ④缺少動詞，特別是be動詞; ⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用; ⑥主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。

They did not want me to do any work at home; they wantme to devote all my time to my studies.(did 改為do, 錯誤類型屬于①)

As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visitingtemples and told stories. (visiting 改為 visited, 錯誤類型屬于②)

There will an important game next month. (will后加be, 錯誤類型屬于④)

One evening she told me that something happened whenher parents was out. ( was 改為were,錯誤類型屬于③)

2. 名詞的常見錯誤：單復數(shù)名詞錯用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用。

I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject 改為subjects)

Their word were a greatencouragement to me.(word 改為words)

Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)

3. 連詞錯誤

連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考查從句關(guān)系 who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (錯用了who的所有格形式，改為whose)

I teach them, play with them, but watch them growingup. (此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為 and)

Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as意為“盡管”，不能再跟but連用，所以去掉but)

4. 冠詞錯誤：誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個音素來判定);誤用a/an 和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞)

We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the,the same 是固定搭配)

As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kindsof pants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以其前加 a )

I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey是可數(shù)名詞，故have后加a)

5. 形容詞和副詞錯誤：系動詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞 smell /feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞)。 I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾)

My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞，terribly改為terrible.)

6. 代詞錯誤：代詞的主格和賓格(I / me; he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復數(shù)使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。

Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express me in simple English. (me 改為 myself )

One day I wrote a little story and showed to myteacher. (to前加it)

If any one of us had any difficulty in our life andstudy, the other would help him out. (other后加s)

What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupilsand take good care of him. (him改為them)

7. 非謂語動詞的常見錯誤：不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;and 連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠時);介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。

Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接動名詞，talk改為talking)

But his parents think go to college is more importantthan playing sports. (go作主語，應(yīng)改為 going )

Children may not develop the habit of read and theability to enjoy themselves. (介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語，read改為reading)

I particularly enjoyed driving through the countrysidewith you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and 連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致，故saw改為seeing)

8. 介詞錯誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用

There are too many people among my family. (among 改為in ，in my family 為固定搭配)

I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment myhead touched the pillow. (去掉 at, the moment 引導從句)

短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則：

1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個句子要有動詞;2. 謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài);3. 非謂語動詞的用法;4. 名詞的單、復數(shù)，格的使用是否正確;5. 定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;6. 代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;7. 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準確無誤;8. 并列句中的并列連詞、主從復合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。

短文改錯解題四原則：

1. 改動以最少為原則;2. 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;3. 實詞以改變詞形為原則 4. 以保持句子原意為原則。

短文改錯解題步驟：

1. 通讀全文，掌握大意;2. 整句分析，逐行推敲;3. 反復通讀，復查驗證。

解題注意要點和能力培養(yǎng)：

1. 核對錯項時，若的確有一時難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動項是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一詞1個，缺詞1個，錯詞8個。

2. 核對改正的語法項目是否有重復。因為短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會出現(xiàn)重復考查某個語法點的現(xiàn)象。

3. 核對答題符號是否規(guī)范，位置是否準確，看看有無遺漏符號，忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。