備戰(zhàn)高考之英語(yǔ)介詞的用法歸納
1. 時(shí)間介詞in 、on 、at 、by 的用法辨析
A.介詞in用來(lái)表示一天中某段時(shí)間,指天、年、月、季節(jié)、周次等。如:in the morning
B.介詞on用來(lái)表示某一天或星期幾,指明具體的時(shí)間。如:on a rainy day
C.介詞at用來(lái)表示特定的時(shí)間、節(jié)日、年齡等。如:at noon
D.介詞by表示…的時(shí)候、到、等到…已經(jīng)等用在天、時(shí)間的前面。如:by 2 o‘clock
2. 時(shí)間介詞in 與after 的用法辨析
A.介詞in + 一段時(shí)間用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.
B.介詞after + 一段時(shí)間用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:My mother came homeafter half an hour.
C.介詞after + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如:We’ll go out for awalk after supper.
3. 時(shí)間介詞for 與since 的用法辨析
A.介詞for 表示一段時(shí)間如:I have been living here for 10 years.
B.介詞since 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以來(lái)如:I have been living here since 2000.
4. 時(shí)間介詞during 與for 的用法辨析
A.當(dāng)所指的時(shí)間起止分明時(shí)用介詞during如:He swims every day during the summer.
B.如果一段時(shí)間不明確則用介詞for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
5. 時(shí)間介詞before 與by 的用法辨析
A.介詞before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .
B.介詞by表示“到…時(shí)為止,不遲于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.
6. 時(shí)間介詞till 與until 用法的異同
A.till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…為止”,如:I will wait till(until)seveno'clock.
B.till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
C.till多用于普通文體,而 until則用于多種文體,并且在句子開(kāi)頭時(shí),用until而不用till.
如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.
7. 不用介詞表達(dá)時(shí)間的幾種情況
A.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this, that時(shí),其前面不用介詞,如:this morning
B.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有next時(shí),其前面不用介詞,如:next Sunday
C.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有l(wèi)ast時(shí),其前面不用介詞,如:last Sunday
D.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有one, any, each, every, some或all時(shí),其前面不用介詞,如:You can come any day.
方位介詞與地點(diǎn)介詞的用法辨析
1. 方位介詞on, over, above 的用法辨析
A.介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面,兩者緊貼在一起,如:The book is on the table.
B.介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?
C.介詞above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.
2. 方位介詞under 與below 的用法辨析
A.介詞under是over的反義詞即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.
B.介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.
3. 方位介詞across, 、through 、over, 、past 的用法辨析
A.介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過(guò)。
如:She went across the street to make some purchases.
B.介詞through著重于“穿越”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過(guò)。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
C.介詞over多表示從“上方越過(guò)”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
D.介詞past表示從“面前經(jīng)過(guò)”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.
4. 方位介詞in 、on 、at 的用法辨析
A.介詞in表示“排、行、組”,如:We are in Team One.
B.介詞on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.
C.介詞at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.
5. 方位介詞to 、for 的用法辨析
A.介詞to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Wil you take a train to Tianjian.
B.介詞for表示動(dòng)身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.
6. 地點(diǎn)介詞at 與in 的用法辨析
A.介詞at表示較小的地方,如家、村、鄉(xiāng)村等,如:He lives at a small village.
B.介詞in表示較大的地方,如大城市、國(guó)家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.
7. 地點(diǎn)介詞at 與on 的用法辨析
A.介詞at用于門(mén)牌號(hào),如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.
B.介詞on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road.
8. 地點(diǎn)介詞in 、on 、to 的用法辨析
A.介詞in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north ofChina.
B.介詞on表示“緊鄰”如:Canada lies on the north of theU.S.
C.介詞to表示“沒(méi)接觸”如:France lies to the south of England.
其他易混介詞的用法辨析
1. 動(dòng)作介詞to 與toward 的用法辨析
A.介詞to表示向某處移動(dòng),如:They were driving to work together.
B.介詞toward 表示移向某處,如:We're moving toward thelight.
2. 原因介詞because 、as 、for 的用法辨析
A.介詞because表示“因?yàn)?由于”指直接的、明確的原因,回答why的問(wèn)句,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。
如:The boy was absent because he was ill.
B.介詞as表示“由于;鑒于”指一種顯而易見(jiàn)、談話雙方已知的理由。
如:She stayed at home as she had no car.
C.介詞for表示 “因?yàn)?由于”指一種間接原因,甚至只是一種附帶的說(shuō)明。
如:It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.
3. 材料介詞of 和from 的用法
A.介詞of用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)不變時(shí),如:The desk is made of wood.
B.介詞from用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)已變時(shí),如:Wine is made from grapes.
4. 表示“ 用” 的介詞in 、with 、by 的用法辨析
A.介詞in表示“用材料、語(yǔ)言”如:Can you say it in English?
B.介詞with表示“用工具、某物”如:with a pen
C.介詞by表示“用、以、靠、通過(guò)…方法”如:He prefers traveling by car.
5. 介詞between 與among 的用法辨析
A.介詞between 表示“在兩者之間”如:Don’t sit between the two girls.
B.介詞among表示“在…當(dāng)中(三者或以上)”如:They lived among the mountains in the past.
6. 介詞besides 與except 的用法辨析
A.介詞besides表示“除…之外(全部計(jì)算在內(nèi))”如:We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.
B.介詞except表示“除…之外(不計(jì)算在內(nèi))”如:We are all Chinese except Tomin our class.