四、名詞在句子中的作用

名詞在句子中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語，有時可以作狀語。

名詞、代詞或其他結構作主語時，謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。

1、主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;主語是復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。

All roads lead to Rome.(條條大路通羅馬。)

His brother is an industrial engineer.

The number of the students attending the party is increasing.

★the number of 表示數(shù)量，無論后面名詞是復數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式。

Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.

★two-thirds 三分之二

幾分之幾作主語，謂語是單數(shù)形式。

belong to 屬于某人

Both of us are studying English.

★總結：在名詞作主語時，the number of 謂語動詞單數(shù)形式;

幾分之幾，謂語單數(shù)形式;

both 謂語使用復數(shù)形式。

2、主語是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動名詞詞組、從句時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

All the money he received was given to his mother.

Forgetting the past means betrayal.

What we are talking now is useless.

3、主語部分若有as well as，with，together with，like，but，except等短語，謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)與短語前面的名詞一致。

Mary，as well as her two sisters，is a student of this school.

(as well as her two sisters 作主語Mary的主語補足語，主語 Mary 是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式)

No one except my friends knows anything about it.

4、表示時間、距離、重量、價值等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時，如果當作整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

“…+(×)…=…”算式中的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。

Three times two is six.

Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres.(three kilometers作為整體來看)

5、Either，neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

Neither of us has been to Italy.

Has either of them been to Shanghai?

none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時，謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)的東西時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

None of the students have/has seen the film.

None of the money belongs to me.

6、主語由either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also連接時，謂語形式由最鄰近的主語決定。

Not only you but also I am wrong.

Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.

Either you or she is to do the work.

7、主語中有and，如果表示單一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

The bread and butter is nice.

8、主語前有many a，more than one修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

Many a book has been read by the students.

★many a book=many books

More than one person has been to the Great Wall.

9、集合名詞作主語，當作整體看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，當作每個獨立的個體看待時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

The committee meets once a year.(作為整體)

The committee are having a meeting now.(作為獨立個體)

People，police作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。

The police have come to arrest him.

名詞部分考試重點：

1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞里，哪幾個詞是不可數(shù)名詞。

2、可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式重點掌握不規(guī)則形式，單、復數(shù)相同的名詞。

3、名詞所有格重點掌握時間名詞所有格在其后加s，復數(shù)不加。

4、名詞在句中的作用，重點掌握剛才的9點。