I 背景介紹
根據(jù)多年來對雅思寫作大作文的分析研究,盡管議論文的話題繁多,但其問題模式都可以歸屬于兩大類,討論類和分析解決類,討論類常見的如:
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
What is your opinion?
Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages.
而分析解決是指對某一負面現(xiàn)象進行原因的分析,再給出解決方法。如:
Discuss the possible causes of this phenomenon and suggest some recommendations about how to combat it.
上述兩類相信參加過雅思考試或者在準備的烤鴨們都已經(jīng)非常熟悉了,那么在考試中出現(xiàn)幾率較高的是第一類討論型的題目,占了百分之八十以上,所以學會此類題目的論證過程的擴展對議論文分數(shù)的提高起關鍵作用。
在雅思寫作的評分標準中,我們看到前兩個評分標準中,均出現(xiàn)了對段落擴展的描述,第一個評分標準task response,指任務完成度,在文章內(nèi)容方面的體現(xiàn)即文章是否回答了題目的關于topic的論證,是否都圍繞主題,無偏題離題現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,能否完整全面的對話題進行論證。而第二點coherence and cohesion,指連貫和銜接,內(nèi)容是否連貫,很大程度上取決于論證過程的擴展是否有緊密關聯(lián),有無邏輯性。可見議論文論證過程的合理有邏輯的擴展非常重要。
II 讓步段的概念及用法
在議論文中,常見的論證方法很多,如舉例子、解釋、類比、對比、列數(shù)據(jù)等,今天專家要給大家總結介紹一類在論證中能否體現(xiàn)論證的全面性的方法,即讓步的論證方法,首先我們來看幾個句型:
1. As is granted, … However, convincing arguments have been made that …
2. Opponents would argue that… However, …
3. Although/ In spite of the fact that …, people tend to believe that …
4. It is undeniable that …
從以上三個句型,我們看出讓步就是先退一步承認自己不同意的一個事實,再對其進行反駁,如某人去面試,老板要拒絕聘請錄用這個員工,他會在拒絕前先說一番承認這個人在某些方面還不錯的一些話,這就是讓步。這樣論證的優(yōu)點是更加全面的論證,不會一味的一邊倒,就片面的認為一個事件的存在只有優(yōu)點或只有缺點,且論證也更有說服力。這種論證方法常出現(xiàn)在討論類的單邊論證中,我們來看一個題目:
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
針對這樣一個題目,通過審題,題目要求考生探討圖書館是否需要提供高科技媒體。根據(jù)分析,我們可以得出單邊論證的結構,同意提供多媒體。具體結構參照如下:
Introduction: State my opinion
The hi-tech media should been provided by the public libraries.
Body: Ph 1 Making concession
Multimedia facilities are expensive.
Ph 2 Reason one to support my opinion.
Hi-tech media can store information much longer than traditional means.
Ph 3 Reason two to support my opinion
Visiting a library with multimedia access is much more interesting.
Conclusion: Restate my opinion
The investment is justified and should be encouraged.
更多信息請查看留學英語寫作