關于詞匯積累，我們知道雅思寫作所涉及的話題包括教育與學習，科技，環(huán)境保護等十幾個話題，教師和考生要做好話題詞匯的收集和總結工作，并學會如何使用這些詞匯。當然對詞匯的理解也應加強，這里順帶提提詞匯學習的問題及如何積累詞匯，加強對詞匯本身的認識，從根本上提高英語水平。

關于詞匯學習存在兩個問題：

1. 詞匯量小

“英國的COBUILD詞典認為英語最基本、最核心的詞匯為6600個；Laufer認為5000個詞匯應是閱讀所需詞匯量的下限，學習者若擁有9000詞匯量，閱讀正確率也只有70%；美國語言學家Diller認為10000詞匯量也才是閱讀中等難度的文章的最基本要求；而 中國 的桂詩春教授曾說道，對于英美一年級大學生來說，起碼要懂得15000個詞，TOEFL的選詞范圍約在10000個詞左右。從這些中外數字對比中不難看出，中國大學生所擁有的詞匯量遠遠未達到順利閱讀英語中等難度文章的要求?！绷硗猓n本里每個單元所學詞匯無法涵蓋詞匯的重要組成部分——習語，也就是說，相對有限、靜止的詞匯表遠遠落后于學生實際交際的需要。要彌補這一不足，需要教師在課堂上引導學生以不同主題內容為單位，學習與這一主題相關的盡可能豐富的詞匯、表達方式和相關背景知識。

2. 語言學習與文化脫節(jié)

“從另一方面說，詞匯量在兩千左右的大學新生的交流能力極差。英國的BBC曾經公布過這樣一個數字，說一個英國農民一輩子常用詞匯不到1000個，但是他日常生活中所要表達的東西和一個感情豐富的偉大詩人是沒有什么不同的”。而在課堂上能熟練用英語表達自己思想的學生不到二成，學生在看電影時均表示里面所用詞匯雖然簡單，但是他們能聽懂的不到三分之一。學生之所以無法自由地運用已有詞匯表達思想，是因為課堂上所學內容沒有與實際生活相聯(lián)系，沒有與他們所學專業(yè)相聯(lián)系。

如何提高英語詞匯學習，總結認為可歸結為以下幾點：

1. 廣泛閱讀，增加詞匯量

考生平時可多閱讀英語美文，這些文章給學生提供了完美的語言文章典范，在寫作上幫助較大。

2. 通過日常生活的各個領域的分類詞匯學習，增加詞匯量

把語言知識放到專題學習里，內容一出來，就有了語境又是生活中最常見的情景，學生有興趣、記得也快，稍加練習就可以記住。例如，一篇講述盲人運動員的奮斗歷程文章，這篇文章用記敘文的寫作手法，激勵學生 英文討論，樹立積極向上人生觀等方面都能起到較好效果，但對學生在現(xiàn)實生活中的英文交際則幫助有限。若以此為引子，展開輔助話題就 體育 運動這個大領域進行英文探索，加上2008北京奧運的舉辦，學生明顯對這個話題有較高的積極性。日常生活中，常見的話題還包括醫(yī)療、飲食等，這些文章老師都應收集并推薦給學生，強調語言與現(xiàn)實社會技能、現(xiàn)實生活的聯(lián)系；學生有更多的機會運用他們已有的相關內容的知識和專長，從而上升了語言和該內容學習的更高階段。也就是說，幫助學生增加詞匯量的第二個方法是選擇日常生活的醫(yī)療、飲食、教育等常見話題的文章，讓學生.通過閱讀掌握日常生活的各個領域的分類詞匯。

3. 深刻反映英美文化的學習，增加詞匯量

舉個例子，在閱讀時如果遇到 at eleventh hour（意思為在最后時刻在危急關頭），這個習語里每個單詞學生都認識，但學生仍然感到記憶困難。為什么呢？在他們長期記憶的知識儲備中，最后一刻最多只能和last，final，eventual這樣的單詞聯(lián)系起來，即便是最后一個小時，他們也認為是twenty-third hour，第二十三個小時而不是第十一個。因此，在運用工作記憶對這個習語進行試圖理解的同時，已經無法做到對其進行記憶并進一步轉化成自己的使用方式。但如果學生的知識儲備里已經知道古猶太人將白天分為12小時自日出算到日落。Eleventh hour既不指現(xiàn)在的上午11時也不指夜晚11時，而是相當于日落前的下午5時即白天12小時工作日的“第11小時”?！妒ソ浶录s》《馬太福音》第20章中，基督耶酥曾用來說明能夠進入天國的不分先后，即使在最后時刻也還來得及。那么，看到eleventh hour就可從長時記憶里調出“最后時刻”的概念，減少理解時間，相對地用來記住這一習語的工作記憶空間，增強記憶則更快更牢固了。

關于雅思寫作思路積累，很多考生都是頭腦空空，如何幫助他們收集思路，老師要做的第一步就是要把2005年—2009年的雅思寫作考試試題分話題整理給學生，讓他們在平時翻閱并進行思考，當然光整理出這些考題是遠遠不夠的，還要引導他們怎么思考，關于構思，可歸結為四種方法：宏觀微觀法，客觀利弊法，假設舉例法和對象要素法，一一舉例進行講解。

一、宏觀微觀法，即從宏觀微觀角度對問題進行思考

如考題：

It is suggested that all the young adults should undertake a period of unpaid work helping people in the community. Does it bring more benefits or drawbacks to the community and the young people?

關于做義工優(yōu)點：

宏觀：1 There are many people who need help. Indeed, when an old person feels sick, the volunteers could offer first aid before the doctor or the ambulance arrives. Likewise, if a disabled person has difficulty doing some daily activities such as shopping, the assistance from young volunteers is indispensable.

2 The world needs more love.

微觀：1 as far as the young people are concerned, they could develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others in the neighborhood. In this way, people may live in harmony in the community.

2 Get social experience

關于做義工缺點：

微觀：1 the downsides of volunteer community service are worth mentioning. In fact, in the city like Shanghai, an increasing number of graduates find it harder to make a living on their own. Thus, if all of the young adults are required to do full-time unpaid job in a fixed period, some of them would have no income source, which is unrealistic to these youngsters.

2. In addition, it is believed that community service could possibly take up their time of acquiring knowledge.

二、客觀利弊法

如電子書籍是否能取代傳統(tǒng)書籍，就可從電子書籍客觀利弊來分析是否可取代。

考題：TV，internet and radio are very popular nowadays. Some people say that they will replace books and written words as the main source of information. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Argue for A

優(yōu)勢：1. the fastest and most effective way of obtaining information

2.we can get information on TV and in the Internet instead of buying newspapers and going to libraries, which saves time and money.

3. informative/ have super capacities to save information. On the contrary, the capacities of books are limited

ARGUE against A

劣勢：1. people can not use the electronic media without equipment such as computers and TV sets; however, books are portable.

2. books and written words having  more than 3000 years history are more mature than electronic media

3. no good for protecting the copyrights.

4. People often criticize TV for showing too much sex and violence
三、假設舉例法

如討論是否可用動物做實驗，很多同學無話可說，我們假設真的不用動物做實驗了會有什么后果，考題：

some people claim that people should not use live animals to test medicine or toiletry. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IF WE DID NOT USE ANIMALS TO TEST MEDICINE OR TOIETRY,

1. it is a great limitation on medicine development

2. new products without animal test may be dangerous and harmful

3. if we do not use live animals to test medicine or toiletry, the test objects must be live humans.

四、對象要素法

我們可從話題所涉及的各個對象出發(fā)，如空運水果蔬菜是否合理，那么空運水果蔬菜所涉及的對象就多了，包括出口國，進口國，消費者，航空公司和政府。

考題：air transport is increasingly used to export fruits and vegetables to some coutries where can not be grown or out of season. Some people think it is not justified. What is your opinion?

1. for consumers, they can taste some foreign foods without going to other countries.

2. for transporters, such operation can bring much income. Actually, only about 40% seats of plane are in service in off-seasons compared to offering discounted plane tickets, transporting foods may be a better choice.

3. for exporters, such orders are gold of their business. With the development of technology, the yield is increasing, but if those foods can not be sold immediately, they may decay/rot/ go bad/ moldy. The air transportation just solves this problem and brings money for them.

4. for governments, they cannot be happier than receiving tax by economy development.

最后談談如何美化句子，建議老師還應給學生梳理英語句子類型（簡單句，并列句，復雜句，并列復雜句），此外還應建議一些高分句式，這些高分句式主要可摘于考官范文，同時學生還應大量閱讀范文學習里面經典句型。

一、簡單句

1．對這個問題人們持有不同觀點

People hold different opinions /views on this issue.

二、并列句

1. 學生行為不良似乎成了一個越來越廣泛的問題，我認為現(xiàn)代的生活方式要對此負責任。

Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think modern lifestyles are responsible for this.

三、復雜句

名詞性從句，定語從句，狀語從句。其中名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句。

1 這并不意味著沒有這些條件的人就不能幸福。

This does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.

2. 盡管有人把幸福和財富跟物質成功聯(lián)系起來，但另一些人認為幸福存在于感情和親密的人際關系中。

While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving/close personal relationships.

3. 政府應該提高公眾的環(huán)境保護意識，以此來促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展并且創(chuàng)造一個更適合人類生存的環(huán)境。

The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation/protection, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more livable /inhabitable environment.

/so that sustainable development could be promoted and a more livable environment would be created.

相關高分句型可總結，如：

1. in terms of

These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have time for this, but in more material ways.

2. regardless of +詞, no matter + 句子

They are allowed to buy whatever they want, regardless of the price.

They are allowed to buy whatever they want, no matter how much it cost.

3. it is….that 的強調句式

4. IF 的虛擬句式

5. 狀語前置的句型等

總之，無論是老師教學抑或學生學習，在準備雅思寫作時，強烈建議詞匯積累，思路收集，美化句式這三步必不可少。

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