GOD Almighty first planted a garden. And indeed it is the purest of human pleasures. It is the greatest refreshment to the spirits of man; without which, buildings and palaces are but gross handiworks; and a man shall ever see, that when ages grow to civility and elegancy, men come to build stately sooner than to garden finely; as if gardening were the greater perfection. I do hold it, in the royal ordering of gardens, there ought to be gardens, for all the months in the year; in which severally things of beauty may be then in season. For December, and January, and the latter part of November, you must take such things as are green all winter: holly; ivy; bays; juniper; cypress-trees; yew; pine-apple-trees; fir-trees; rosemary; lavender; periwinkle, the white, the purple, and the blue; germander; flags; orangetrees; lemon-trees; and myrtles, if they be stoved; and sweet marjoram, warm set. There followeth, for the latter part of January and February, the mezereon-tree, which then blossoms; crocus vernus, both the yellow and the grey; primroses, anemones; the early tulippa; hyacinthus orientalis; chamairis; fritellaria. For March, there come violets, specially the single blue, which are the earliest; the yellow daffodil; the daisy; the almond-tree in blossom; the peach-tree in blossom; the cornelian-tree in blossom; sweet-briar. In April follow the double white violet; the wallflower; the stock-gilliflower; the cowslip; flowerdelices, and lilies of all natures; rosemary-flowers; the tulippa; the double peony; the pale daffodil; the French honeysuckle; the cherry-tree in blossom; the damson and plum-trees in blossom; the white thorn in leaf; the lilac-tree. In May and June come pinks of all sorts, specially the blushpink; roses of all kinds, except the musk, which comes later; honeysuckles; strawberries; bugloss; columbine; the French marigold, flos Africanus; cherry-tree in fruit; ribes; figs in fruit; rasps; vineflowers; lavender in flowers; the sweet satyrian, with the white flower; herba muscaria; lilium convallium; the apple-tree in blossom. In July come gilliflowers of all varieties; musk-roses; the lime-tree in blossom; early pears and plums in fruit; jennetings, codlins. In August come plums of all sorts in fruit; pears; apricocks; berberries; filberds; musk-melons; monks-hoods, of all colors. In September come grapes; apples; poppies of all colors; peaches; melocotones; nectarines; cornelians; wardens; quinces. In October and the beginning of November come services; medlars; bullaces; roses cut or removed to come late; hollyhocks; and such like. These particulars are for the climate of London; but my meaning is perceived, that you may have ver perpetuum, as the place affords.

萬能的上帝是頭一個(gè)經(jīng)營花園者。園藝之事也的確是人生樂趣中之最純潔者。它是人類精神底最大的補(bǔ)養(yǎng)品，若沒有它則房舍宮邸都不過是粗糙的人造品，與自然無關(guān)。再者我們常可以見到當(dāng)某些時(shí)代進(jìn)于文明風(fēng)雅的時(shí)候，人們多是先想到堂皇的建筑而后想到精美的園亭；好象園藝是較大的一種完美似的。我以為在皇家花園底經(jīng)營中，應(yīng)該一年之中每個(gè)月都有花圃；在其中可以每月各有當(dāng)令的美麗的花木。為了十二月，一月和十一月的下半月，你必須種植一冬常綠的東西：如冬青、常春藤、月桂、杜松、柏樹、水松、波羅蜜樹、樅樹、迷迭香、熏衣草、長春花（白的紫的和藍(lán)的）、石蠶花、菖蒲、香橙、檸檬、桃金娘（如果能設(shè)法保溫不使受寒的話），和香茉沃剌那，不過要種在墻下向日之處才行。在這些以后，為一月底下半月和二月，應(yīng)當(dāng)栽培在那時(shí)發(fā)花的櫻楮樹、番紅花、黃灰兩色的都可；櫻草、白頭翁、早開的郁金香、荷蘭風(fēng)信子、小鳶尾、貝母。到了三月則有香堇菜，尤其是單瓣藍(lán)色的那一種，它們是開得最早的；黃水仙、雛菊、杏花、桃花、山茱萸花、野薔薇。在四月里接著來的則有雙瓣的白香堇、黃紫羅蘭花、香紫羅蘭、黃花九輪草、蝴蝶花、各種的百合花、迷迭香、郁金香、重瓣的牡丹、淡色水仙、法國忍冬、櫻花、李花和梅花、抽葉的山椃、丁香。在五月和六月里來的則有各種的石竹，尤其是嬌羞石竹；各種的薔薇，惟有那開得較晚的麝香薔薇不在其內(nèi)；忍冬、楊莓、紫草、耬斗菜、法國萬壽菊、非洲萬壽菊、結(jié)果實(shí)的櫻桃樹、醋栗、結(jié)果實(shí)的無花果樹、蔗莓、葡萄花、熏衣草、開白花的香蘭、百合草、鈴蘭、蘋果花。七月間則有各種的紫羅蘭、麝香薔薇、開花的菩提樹、早熟的梨與結(jié)實(shí)的李、兩種早熟的林檎。八月里來的有各種結(jié)實(shí)的李樹、梨、杏、伏?；ā㈤蛔?、甜瓜、各種顏色的附子。九月里來的有葡萄、蘋果、各種顏色的罌粟花、桃子、半邊紅而肉色黃的桃子、油桃、山茱萸、冬梨、榅桲。在十月和十一月底月初則有楸子、枸杞、洋李、插枝或移植以求其晚開的薔薇、蜀葵以及和這些一類的東西。這些花木之類都是就倫敦底氣候而言的；但是我底意思是顯然易見的，就是你可以按著各地方底出產(chǎn)而享有一種“永久的春天”也。

And because the breath of flowers is far sweeter in the air (where it comes and goes like the warbling of music) than in the hand, therefore nothing is more fit for that delight, than to know what be the flowers and plants that do best perfume the air. Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their smells; so that you may walk by a whole row of them, and find nothing of their sweetness; yea though it be in a morning’s dew. Bays likewise yield no smell as they grow. Rosemary little; nor sweet marjoram. That which above all others yields the sweetest smell in the air is the violet, specially the white double violet, which comes twice a year; about the middle of April, and about Bartholomew-tide. Next to that is the musk-rose. Then the strawberry-leaves dying, which yield a most excellent cordial smell. Then the flower of vines; it is a little dust, like the dust of a bent, which grows upon the cluster in the first coming forth. Then sweet-briar. Then wall-flowers, which are very delightful to be set under a parlor or lower chamber window. Then pinks and gilliflowers, especially the matted pink and clove gilliflower. Then the flowers of the lime-tree. Then the honeysuckles, so they be somewhat afar off. Of beanflowers I speak not, because they are field flowers. But those which perfume the air most delightfully, not passed by as the rest, but being trodden upon and crushed, are three; that is, burnet, wildthyme, and watermints. Therefore you are to set whole alleys of them, to have the pleasure when you walk or tread.

因?yàn)榛ɑ艿紫銡庠诳諝庵校ㄔ诳諝庵谢ㄏ愕讈砣ナ穷愃埔魳返坐Q奏的）比在人底手里香得多，所以為了那種聞香底至樂，再?zèng)]有比懂得那幾種花卉是最能于采擇之前在空氣中散布芬芳的這種事更為適合需要的了。薔薇、淡紅的和大紅的，都是嚴(yán)守香氣的花，所以你盡可以走過一大排的薔薇之旁而聞不到一點(diǎn)他們底香氣，這些花甚至于在清晨底露水之下也是如此的。月桂在長大底期間也不放香。迷迭香香氣無多；茉沃剌那香氣也少。在空氣中所放的香氣最大，超過其他的一切花草的，要數(shù)香堇，尤其是白色重瓣的。這種花一年中發(fā)花兩次；一次在四月中旬，另一次在圣巴素羅繆節(jié)左右。其次就是麝香薔薇、再就是將落的楊莓葉子，它能發(fā)一種最爽心的香氣。然后就是葡萄花；這種花是小粉花，好象小糠草底粉花一樣，是在葡萄穗初發(fā)的時(shí)候開的。然后就是野薔薇。然后就是黃紫羅蘭花；這種花如果種在一座客廳或低層的小室底窗下是大可增人興趣的。然后就是各種的石竹和紫羅蘭，尤其是花壇石竹和丁香石竹。然后是菩提樹底花。 然后是忍冬花，只是要遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)才好。關(guān)于豆花我不想說什么，因?yàn)樗麄兪翘镩g的花。然后，那最善于在空氣中散布芬芳的同時(shí)并非任人徘徊其側(cè)而是受人踐踏壓碎的花共有三種；就是，地榆、野百里香和水薄荷。 因此你應(yīng)該種植這些花，把他們遍栽在整條的園徑上，以便你在散步或踐踏草地的時(shí)候能享受他們底香氣。

For gardens (speaking of those which are indeed princelike, as we have done of buildings), the contents ought not well to be under thirty acres of ground; and to be divided into three parts; a green in the entrance; a heath or desert in the going forth; and the main garden in the midst; besides alleys on both sides. And I like well that four acres of ground be assigned to the green; six to the heath; four and four to either side; and twelve to the main garden. The green hath two pleasures: the one, because nothing is more pleasant to the eye than green grass kept finely shorn; the other, because it will give you a fair alley in the midst, by which you may go in front upon a stately hedge, which is to enclose the garden. But because the alley will be long, and, in great heat of the year or day, you ought not to buy the shade in the garden, by going in the sun through the green, therefore you are, of either side the green, to plant a covert alley upon carpenter’s work, about twelve foot in height, by which you may go in shade into the garden. As for the making of knots or figures, with divers colored earths, that they may lie under the windows of the house on that side which the garden stands, they be but toys; you may see as good sights, many times, in tarts. The garden is best to be square, encompassed on all the four sides with a stately arched hedge. The arches to be upon pillars of carpenter’s work, of some ten foot high, and six foot broad; and the spaces between of the same dimension with the breadth of the arch. Over the arches let there be an entire hedge of some four foot high, framed also upon carpenter’s work; and upon the upper hedge, over every arch, a little turret, with a belly, enough to receive a cage of birds: and over every space between the arches some other little figure, with broad plates of round colored glass gilt, for the sun to play upon. But this hedge I intend to be raised upon a bank, not steep, but gently slope, of some six foot, set all with flowers. Also I understand, that this square of the garden, should not be the whole breadth of the ground, but to leave on either side, ground enough for diversity of side alleys; unto which the two covert alleys of the green, may deliver you. But there must be no alleys with hedges, at either end of this great enclosure; not at the hither end, for letting your prospect upon this fair hedge from the green; nor at the further end, for letting your prospect from the hedge, through the arches upon the heath.

至于花園（我們現(xiàn)在所說的是那些屬于王者的花園，就如同上文之論建筑一樣），其內(nèi)部的面積不應(yīng)當(dāng)比三十畝過少；并且應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)分為三部；一進(jìn)園門的地方是一片草地；靠近出口的地方是草莽或荒地；花園底主要部分則在中間；此外兩旁還有人走的道路。我以為園地底四畝當(dāng)作為草地之用，六畝作為荒地之用；兩邊各占四畝；十二畝作為正園之用。綠草地有兩種樂趣：第一，再?zèng)]有比剪得整整齊齊的綠草更為悅目者；第二，這綠草地將在中間給你一條人行道，由此你可前進(jìn)到一片堂皇的籬垣之前，這籬垣是用以圍繞正中的花園的。但是因?yàn)檫@條道兒不免稍長，并且在一年或一天之中天氣最熱的時(shí)候，你不應(yīng)當(dāng)為求園中的蔭涼而先付在陽光下行過草地的代價(jià)，所以你必須在花園底兩邊，各布置一個(gè)有蔭蔽的通路，由木工裝置約12英尺高的架子；由這些通路你可以達(dá)到園中的蔭涼。至于用各種顏色的泥土安設(shè)花壇，使成圖案，企圖把他們擺在臨近花園底那一部分居室底窗下的事情，不過是玩意兒，你在糖果點(diǎn)心之中也常?？梢钥匆娡瑯拥拿谰暗?。花園底主要部分最好是正方的，四面用堂皇的帶拱門的籬垣圍繞。這些拱門應(yīng)當(dāng)筑在木工制作的柱子之上；他們應(yīng)該約有10英尺高，6英尺寬；并且拱門之間的距離應(yīng)該與每個(gè)拱門的寬一樣。在這些拱門之上還應(yīng)當(dāng)有一圈整個(gè)的籬墻，高約4英尺，也憑木工制作；在這上一層的籬墻上面，在每個(gè)拱門底上頭，要有一個(gè)小角樓，中部圓形凸出，能容一個(gè)鳥籠：在每個(gè)拱門之間的地方上頭應(yīng)該有些別樣的雕象刻工之類，蓋上寬廣的各色玻璃磚，以便陽光在上面游戲。但是這個(gè)籬墻我是要把它建筑在一個(gè)坡上，不是一個(gè)峻坂，而是一道很平易的斜坡，高約6英尺，遍栽花草。并且，我底意思是這個(gè)方形的花園其寬度不應(yīng)當(dāng)占據(jù)整個(gè)園地底寬度，而應(yīng)當(dāng)在兩邊留出地方來，做成許多的小徑，這些小徑可由上述的那兩個(gè)有覆蓋的通路達(dá)到。但是在這塊大方地底兩端決不可有帶籬墻的徑路；在前面的一端不可有，因?yàn)槿绻辛司蜁?huì)阻礙你底視線，使你從前面草地上望過來的時(shí)候看不清那美觀的籬垣；在后面的一端也不可有，因?yàn)槿绻辛擞謱⒆璧K你底視線，使你從籬垣底拱門望出去的時(shí)候看不清后面的草莽之地。

For the ordering of the ground, within the great hedge, I leave it to variety of device; advising nevertheless, that whatsoever form you cast it into, first, it be not too busy, or full of work. Wherein I, for my part, do not like images cut out in juniper or other garden stuff; they be for children. Little low hedges, round, like welts, with some pretty pyramids, I like well; and in some places, fair columns upon frames of carpenter’s work. I would also have the alleys, spacious and fair. You may have closer alleys, upon the side grounds, but none in the main garden. I wish also, in the very middle, a fair mount, with three ascents, and alleys, enough for four to walk abreast; which I would have to be perfect circles, without any bulwarks or embossments; and the whole mount to be thirty foot high; and some fine banqueting-house, with some chimneys neatly cast, and without too much glass.

至于大籬墻以內(nèi)的園地底布置，我覺得應(yīng)該把它留給不同的計(jì)劃心裁；不過我有一點(diǎn)忠告，就是不論你把它布置成什么樣的形狀，頭一件事情卻是不可過于繁復(fù)或人工太多。例如我個(gè)人就不喜歡在杜松或別的園木上刻畫的圖象；這一類的東西是為兒童們的。小而低的籬墻，圓如滾邊，附帶著好看的尖塔，這些是我很喜歡的；還有，在有些地方，美觀而有木工雕刻的邊緣的柱子也是我所喜歡的，又，我以為園中的那些通路也應(yīng)當(dāng)寬廣美觀。在園子底兩側(cè)空地上你也可以有較?而有覆蓋的小巷，但是在正中的花園中卻不可有這種小巷。在這塊花園的正中心，我也以為應(yīng)當(dāng)有一座美好的小山，由三級(jí)梯磴上達(dá)，每一級(jí)底頂上留出一圈平地來，其闊足以容四人并肩而行；這些平路我以為應(yīng)當(dāng)環(huán)繞小山，旁邊不應(yīng)當(dāng)有任何屏障或凸出之建筑物。整個(gè)的小山應(yīng)當(dāng)有30英尺高，并且上面應(yīng)當(dāng)有一座宴客廳，內(nèi)有布置得很整潔的壁爐，并且窗戶上的玻璃不可太多。

For fountains, they are a great beauty and refreshment; but pools mar all, and make the garden unwholesome, and full of flies and frogs. Fountains I intend to be of two natures: the one that sprinkleth or spouteth water; the other a fair receipt of water, of some thirty or forty foot square, but without fish, or slime, or mud. For the first, the ornaments of images gilt, or of marble, which are in use, do well: but the main matter is so to convey the water, as it never stay, either in the bowls or in the cistern; that the water be never by rest discolored, green or red or the like; or gather any mossiness or putrefaction. Besides that, it is to be cleansed every day by the hand. Also some steps up to it, and some fine pavement about it, doth well. As for the other kind of fountain, which we may call a bathing pool, it may admit much curiosity and beauty; wherewith we will not trouble ourselves: as, that the bottom be finely paved, and with images; the sides likewise; and withal embellished with colored glass, and such things of lustre; encompassed also with fine rails of low statuas. But the main point is the same which we mentioned in the former kind of fountain; which is, that the water be in perpetual motion, fed by a water higher than the pool, and delivered into it by fair spouts, and then discharged away under ground, by some equality of bores, that it stay little. And for fine devices, of arching water without spilling, and making it rise in several forms (of feathers, drinking glasses, canopies, and the like), they be pretty things to look on, but nothing to health and sweetness.

至于噴水池，乃是很美而且很能爽人的東西；但是水塘一類的東西則有損于一切，而且使園子變得不合衛(wèi)生，充滿了蚊蠅和青蛙。我以為泉應(yīng)有兩種：一種是噴水或冒水的；一種是一個(gè)好看的容水的方池，三四丈見方，但是內(nèi)中沒有魚，粘土和淤泥。為第一種的泉，如今通用的那些?的或大理石的雕像一類的裝飾品是很好的；不過主要的問題卻在如何設(shè)法使泉水流通，不要停滯在下面的圓池或水槽里面，以免這水的顏色變丑，或紅或綠等等，或者聚集苔蘚及腐臭之物。此外還應(yīng)當(dāng)每天用人工使之清潔。泉下設(shè)石級(jí)，四周鋪砌一部分的地面，也是很好的。至于那另外的一種我們可以叫做“浴池”的水泉，在它上面我們是可以用許多的奇思及美感的；這些都可以不必細(xì)說。舉例言之，如泉底精為鋪砌，并且砌成圖形；兩旁也照樣鋪砌；并飾以有顏色的玻璃和類此的有光彩的東西；周圍再環(huán)以雕像等等的辦法皆是也。但是主要的問題還是如上述的關(guān)于第一種水泉的一樣；就是，如何可以使泉水永遠(yuǎn)流動(dòng)，而于其來源則養(yǎng)以較高一層之水池，通以美觀的水筧，然后用距離相等的水孔或水管使水由地下外泄，不致停滯泉中。至于那些細(xì)巧的設(shè)計(jì)，使水流如虹而不溢，或使水上升而以各種形式噴射（如鳥羽，酒杯，天蓋等等的形狀），那都是看起來很好看的東西，但是對(duì)于養(yǎng)生和娛心是沒有什么幫助的。

For the heath, which was the third part of our plot, I wish it to be framed, as much as may be, to a natural wildness. Trees I would have none in it, but some thickets made only of sweet-briar and honeysuckle, and some wild vine amongst; and the ground set with violets, strawberries, and primroses. For these are sweet, and prosper in the shade. And these to be in the heath, here and there, not in any order. I like also little heaps, in the nature of mole-hills (such as are in wild heaths), to be set, some with wild thyme; some with pinks; some with germander, that gives a good flower to the eye; some with periwinkle; some with violets; some with strawberries; some with cowslips; some with daisies; some with red roses; some with lilium convallium; some with sweet-williams red; some with bear’s-foot: and the like low flowers, being withal sweet and sightly. Part of which heaps, are to be with standards of little bushes pricked upon their top, and part without. The standards to be roses; juniper; holly; berberries (but here and there, because of the smell of their blossoms); red currants; gooseberries; rosemary; bays; sweetbriar; and such like. But these standards to be kept with cutting, that they grow not out of course.

至于那本是我們底園地之第三部分的草莽之地，我以為應(yīng)當(dāng)盡其可能地做成荒野的樣子。 在其中我以為決不應(yīng)當(dāng)有任何樹木，除了幾叢野薔薇和忍冬，其間再雜以野葡萄之類的植物；地上則多植香堇，楊莓和櫻草。因?yàn)檫@些花都有香氣，而且在有蔭的地方長得很茂盛。這些花底栽法，應(yīng)該是散布在草莽之區(qū)的各處，這里那里地，并不要什么一定的分配或次序。我也很喜歡鼴鼠丘一類的小土堆（就象真正的草野中所有的一樣）。這些小土堆，有些上面應(yīng)該栽植野百里香；有些應(yīng)該栽石竹；有些栽石蠶花，那是一種看起來很好看的花；有些栽長春花；有些栽香堇；有些栽楊莓；有些栽野櫻草；有些栽雛菊；有些栽紅玫瑰；有些栽鈴蘭；有些栽紅色捕蟲瞿麥；有些栽熊掌花；以及這一類不甚名貴，然而有香氣而又好看的花草。這些小土堆中的一部分應(yīng)該在頂上有小叢的獨(dú)立木另一部分則不必有。這些獨(dú)立木的種類應(yīng)當(dāng)是玫瑰、杜松、冬青、伏?；ǎǖ沁@花只可偶而有之，因?yàn)樗讱馕哆^濃，使人悶懨）、紅醋粟、桃金娘、迷迭香、月桂、野薔薇等等。但是他們都應(yīng)當(dāng)常剪，以免長得凌亂難看。

For the side grounds, you are to fill them with variety of alleys, private, to give a full shade, some of them, wheresoever the sun be. You are to frame some of them, likewise, for shelter, that when the wind blows sharp you may walk as in a gallery. And those alleys must be likewise hedged at both ends, to keep out the wind; and these closer alleys must be ever finely gravelled, and no grass, because of going wet. In many of these alleys, likewise, you are to set fruit-trees of all sorts; as well upon the walls, as in ranges. And this would be generally observed, that the borders wherein you plant your fruit-trees, be fair and large, and low, and not steep; and set with fine flowers, but thin and sparingly, lest they deceive the trees. At the end of both the side grounds, I would have a mount of some pretty height, leaving the wall of the enclosure breast high, to look abroad into the fields.

至于那園中兩側(cè)的隙地，應(yīng)該在其中多設(shè)各種的巷路，要幽靜，并且其中的一部分要能遮蔽陽光，無論陽光是從那一方面來。并且應(yīng)當(dāng)把他們之中的另一部分造成辟風(fēng)的，以便在風(fēng)吹得很厲害的時(shí)候，在里面走路如在有遮蔽的廊中走路一般。那些頭一種的巷路也應(yīng)當(dāng)在兩端用籬墻圍上，以避烈風(fēng)，而這些第二種的狹巷則必須要永遠(yuǎn)鋪以細(xì)石，而且不要長草，以免露濕了人底鞋襪。在這些衖巷底大多數(shù)之中，也應(yīng)當(dāng)栽植各種的果樹，使他們或攀緣墻壁，或自成行列。不過這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)普遍地注意，就是在里面種植果樹的樹床應(yīng)該是美好，寬闊而低的，不可過高；里面也可種些好花，但是應(yīng)該種得稀少，否則恐怕他們要妨害那些樹木。在兩旁側(cè)地底盡頭處，我以為應(yīng)當(dāng)各有一座不甚高的小山，其高度須使人立于其上的時(shí)節(jié)園墻不能高過人底胸部。登上了這些小山，可以望四周的田野。

For the main garden, I do not deny, but there should be some fair alleys ranged on both sides, with fruit-trees; and some pretty tufts of fruittrees, and arbors with seats, set in some decent order; but these to be by no means set too thick; but to leave the main garden so as it be not close, but the air open and free. For as for shade, I would have you rest upon the alleys of the side grounds, there to walk, if you be disposed, in the heat of the year or day; but to make account, that the main garden is for the more temperate parts of the year; and in the heat of summer, for the morning and the evening, or overcast days.

至于正中的花園，有人主張其兩邊應(yīng)當(dāng)有美觀的衖巷，植以果樹；園中還應(yīng)當(dāng)有些上栽著果樹的好看的小山，設(shè)有座位的亭子，這一切都須安排得宜。對(duì)于這種說法我并不反對(duì)，不過這些東西決不可過密；反之，正中的花園不可有閉塞的情形，而應(yīng)當(dāng)使其中的空氣流通無阻。因?yàn)椋糁v到蔭蔽的問題，我以為應(yīng)當(dāng)求之于兩側(cè)隙地的衖巷，在這些衖巷之中，假如一個(gè)人愿意的話，他可以在一年或一日最熱的時(shí)候散步；但是他應(yīng)當(dāng)把正中的花園認(rèn)為是為一年中較溫和的季節(jié)而設(shè)的；在暑熱中，則這一部分是為晨夕或陰天而設(shè)的。

For aviaries, I like them not, except they be of that largeness as they may be turfed, and have living plants and bushes set in them; that the birds may have more scope, and natural nesting, and that no foulness appear in the floor of the aviary. So I have made a platform of a princely garden, partly by precept, partly by drawing, not a model, but some general lines of it; and in this I have spared for no cost. But it is nothing for great princes, that for the most part taking advice with workmen, with no less cost set their things together; and sometimes add statuas and such things for state and magnificence, but nothing to the true pleasure of a garden.

至于鳥塒一類的東西我是不喜歡它們的，除非它們底大小可以容地下鋪草皮并且栽種活的植物或矮樹叢；如此，那所養(yǎng)的鳥兒們就可以較有活動(dòng)之余地，并且可以有自然的巢棲之地，在鳥塒下的地面上也不至于有污穢底情形了。如上所言，我已經(jīng)替一個(gè)王者底花園造了一個(gè)模型了。我所用的方法一部分是議論，一部分是規(guī)劃，所規(guī)劃者不是一個(gè)具體的模型，而是它底輪廓。在這方面我也沒有想到省費(fèi)用的問題，但是這種問題在王公大人是不成問題的。他們多半采取匠人底意見，把許多事物布置在一起，而其所費(fèi)并不見得比我底計(jì)劃節(jié)??；有時(shí)他們還增加雕象，以及此類的東西，所為的是堂皇富麗，然而這于真正的園亭之樂卻是沒有什么幫助的。